THE IMPACT OF FATHERS' INVOLVEMENT IN KANGAROO CARE ON NEWBORN: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Kangaroo Care (KC), a skin-to-skin contact method, is a well-established neonatal care intervention that enhances physiological stability, neurodevelopment, and survival rates among preterm and low-birth-weight infants. While maternal involvement in KC is widely recognized, fathers’ participation remains limited due to cultural norms, logistical barriers, and inadequate support from healthcare providers. Increasing paternal involvement in KC may not only improve neonatal outcomes but also enhance fathers' emotional well-being and caregiving confidence. However, research on the extent and impact of fathers’ participation in KC remains underexplored.

Objective: To systematically review the literature on the impact of fathers’ involvement in KC in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), assess associated benefits and challenges, and identify gaps for future research.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched for studies published within the last five years. Inclusion criteria were studies examining paternal KC involvement and its impact on neonatal and paternal outcomes. Exclusion criteria included studies focusing solely on maternal KC and those lacking empirical data. Selected studies underwent quality appraisal using standardized tools, and findings were synthesized thematically.

Results: The review identified 15 eligible studies. Fathers practicing KC reported a 70% reduction in stress and emotional detachment, while 80% experienced increased bonding with their infants. Preterm newborns receiving KC from fathers demonstrated an 85% improvement in physiological stability, 80% enhancement in thermoregulation, 78% increase in oxygen saturation, and 75% greater weight gain. Barriers included cultural constraints (75%), lack of awareness (70%), societal expectations (68%), and inadequate NICU accommodations (65%).

Conclusion: Fathers' participation in KC significantly benefits both newborns and caregivers. Overcoming existing barriers through targeted education, policy reforms, and father-friendly NICU environments can enhance neonatal care outcomes. Future research should focus on long-term developmental impacts and effective paternal engagement strategies.