Emotional Turmoil- The cost of trusting too much?

Abstract

Background: Emotional responses and psychological vulnerabilities, such as gullibility, self-concept, and internalizing behaviors, play a significant role in shaping the mental health of young adults. In collectivistic societies like Pakistan, cultural and familial factors further complicate these psychological dynamics. This study investigates the relationships among these constructs and explores how they contribute to emotional distress in young adults, particularly within the cultural framework of Lahore.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between gullibility, self-concept, and internalizing behaviors, and to determine the influence of demographic factors such as gender and family system on these psychological constructs in young adults.

Methods: A correlational research design was employed, using purposive sampling to recruit 300 participants (153 males, 147 females) aged 18–25 from private universities in Lahore. Participants completed a structured questionnaire comprising the Gullibility Scale (TGS), Personal Self-Concept Questionnaire (PSC), and Internalizing Behaviors Scale (IBS). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, hierarchical regression analysis, and independent samples t-tests through SPSS version 21. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants.

Results: Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive relationship between gullibility and self-concept (r = 0.33, p < 0.001) and internalizing behaviors (r = 0.19, p = 0.001). Gender showed a significant negative correlation with internalizing behaviors (r = -0.13, p = 0.028). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the joint family system significantly predicted internalizing behaviors, accounting for 8.5% variance (F = 4.31, p < 0.001). Gullibility emerged as a significant positive predictor of internalizing behaviors, explaining 14.47% variance (F = 4.73, p < 0.05). Females exhibited higher levels of gullibility and self-concept compared to males.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that gullibility is a significant positive predictor of internalizing behaviors. Gender and family system also significantly influence these psychological constructs, with females showing higher gullibility and self-concept, while individuals from joint family systems are more susceptible to internalizing behaviors.