CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND ITS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy-related condition characterized by glucose intolerance, increasing maternal and neonatal risks. Globally, GDM contributes significantly to adverse outcomes, including macrosomia, preeclampsia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Early identification and management are critical to reducing these complications. However, limited knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among women with GDM and regional disparities in healthcare access often lead to suboptimal outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings like Pakistan.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of GDM and evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding its management among affected women in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in selected hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, from July 2023 to January 2024. A total of 189 participants diagnosed with GDM at 24–34 weeks of gestation were recruited using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire, which assessed demographic details, clinical history, and KAP scores. Statistical analyses, including Spearman correlation and multivariate logistic regression, were used to evaluate associations between knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional review boards.

Results: The mean age of participants was 30.4 ± 4.2 years, with 57% (n=108) reporting a family history of diabetes. The average BMI was 28.7 ± 3.5 kg/m², with 77% categorized as overweight or obese. Mean KAP scores were 10.9 ± 2.8 (knowledge), 32.8 ± 4.5 (attitude), and 12.4 ± 2.9 (practice), with 68% (n=129), 73% (n=138), and 65% (n=123) achieving good scores, respectively. Knowledge and attitude scores were positively correlated (r=0.329, p<0.001). Higher knowledge scores were independently associated with better practices (OR: 1.145, 95% CI: 1.051–1.247, p=0.002).

Conclusion: This study highlights moderate knowledge and practices but strong attitudes toward GDM management among women in Karachi. Educational interventions are essential to improve self-management and healthcare outcomes.