EXPLORING THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF CARICA PAPAYA

Abstract

Background: Carica papaya L., commonly referred to as papaya, is a tropical fruit-bearing plant of the Caricaceae family, renowned for its culinary appeal and extensive history of traditional medicinal applications. Widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, this fast-growing species has gained global recognition for its nutritional richness and health-promoting properties. The fruit, along with its leaves, seeds, and latex, has been traditionally utilized across cultures for digestive health, wound healing, and immune support.

Body: This review presents a comprehensive examination of the taxonomy, phytochemical composition, traditional uses, and biomedical applications of C. papaya. Phytochemical profiling highlights the presence of bioactive compounds, including enzymes like papain and chymopapain, antioxidants such as carotenoids and flavonoids, and various antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. These compounds underpin the fruit’s traditional uses and form the basis for its growing relevance in modern medicine. Recent biomedical research has demonstrated papaya’s potential in addressing infections, inflammatory disorders, and oxidative stress-related diseases. Preclinical studies also suggest promising anticancer properties, positioning C. papaya as a potential adjunctive treatment in oncology.

Conclusion: The therapeutic versatility of Carica papaya underscores its significance as a natural resource with both nutritional and medicinal value. While traditional uses are increasingly supported by scientific evidence, further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of action and optimize its application in contemporary healthcare interventions.