PREVALENCE OF POLYPHARMACY AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISKS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES

Abstract

Background: Polypharmacy is a growing concern among the elderly, particularly those with chronic diseases, due to increased risks of adverse drug events and medication-related complications. Inappropriate medication use in older adults contributes significantly to hospitalizations and reduced quality of life.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of polypharmacy and assess its associated risks in elderly patients with chronic diseases attending tertiary care facilities in Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over eight months in selected urban tertiary hospitals. A total of 420 elderly patients (≥60 years) with one or more chronic illnesses were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, prescription review, Beers Criteria, and the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 26, with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: The prevalence of polypharmacy (≥5 medications) was 61.9%. Adverse drug events were reported in 42.9% of participants. Based on Beers Criteria, 45.2% were prescribed 1–2 potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), while 19.1% had ≥3 PIMs. MAI assessment revealed that 26.2% were on inappropriate medication regimens. Polypharmacy was significantly associated with increased age, number of chronic diseases, and hospital visits.

Conclusion: Polypharmacy is highly prevalent among elderly patients with chronic diseases in Pakistan and is associated with substantial clinical risks. Systematic medication reviews and targeted deprescribing interventions are essential to enhance medication safety in this vulnerable population.