THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF CARDIAC DIAGNOSIS ON PATIENT LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND HEALTH OUTCOMES-NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of mortality, with millions of individuals facing not only the physical consequences of a cardiac diagnosis but also significant psychological challenges. Emotional responses such as anxiety, depression, and distress are prevalent among cardiac patients and have been shown to adversely affect motivation, adherence to treatment, and adoption of critical lifestyle changes. Understanding the psychological impact of cardiac events is essential for improving both behavioral and clinical outcomes.

Objective: This narrative review aims to explore the psychological implications of a cardiac diagnosis on patients' lifestyle modifications and subsequent health outcomes. It evaluates current evidence on emotional responses, behavior change, and the effectiveness of psychological interventions within cardiac care.

Main Discussion Points: The review synthesizes findings across eight recent studies, highlighting the strong association between psychological distress and poor lifestyle adherence. It discusses the potential of interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and psychoeducation in mitigating these effects. It also explores emerging evidence on the benefits of positive psychological traits and the role of relational and digital support mechanisms. Limitations across studies—including small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, and limited diversity—are critically analyzed.

Conclusion: Integrating psychological care into cardiac rehabilitation enhances patient engagement and recovery. However, more rigorous, diverse, and long-term research is needed to optimize intervention strategies and inform clinical guidelines.