EMERGING TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic complications in pregnancy, associated with significant short- and long-term risks for both mother and child. Rising maternal age, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles have contributed to its growing global burden. Timely and effective management of GDM is critical to improving perinatal outcomes and preventing future metabolic disease.

Objective: This narrative review aims to explore emerging trends in the management of GDM, including innovations in screening, dietary and pharmacological interventions, and the integration of digital tools into clinical practice.

Main Discussion Points: Recent literature emphasizes the shift toward individualized care approaches, incorporating tailored nutritional therapy and exercise as foundational treatment. Pharmacologic options have expanded to include insulin analogs and oral hypoglycemic agents such as metformin, though long-term safety data remain limited. Advances in digital health—particularly continuous glucose monitoring systems—offer enhanced glycemic tracking and patient engagement. However, inconsistencies in diagnostic criteria, outcome measurements, and follow-up practices limit the comparability of studies. Additionally, the generalizability of findings is constrained by population homogeneity and underrepresentation of low-resource settings.

Conclusion: Emerging strategies are reshaping the management of GDM toward more personalized, technology-integrated models. While evidence supports the effectiveness of several novel interventions, the current literature is marked by methodological limitations. Future research should prioritize large-scale, diverse, and longitudinal studies to inform standardized guidelines and equitable care delivery.