TELEPHARMACY IN PAKISTAN: BRIDGING PUBLIC AND PHARMACIST PERCEPTIONS THROUGH A CROSS-SECTIONAL LENS

Abstract

Background: Telepharmacy is the provision of pharmaceutical care services through telecommunication technologies that enable patients in remote or underserved areas to access counseling, drug therapy management, and prescription refills. In Pakistan, particularly in rural regions, telepharmacy remains underutilized due to inadequate infrastructure, limited awareness, and insufficient government support. Strengthening telepharmacy practices can enhance medication safety, improve healthcare access, and optimize patient outcomes.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and barriers related to telepharmacy among pharmacy students and registered pharmacists in Sindh, Pakistan.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 296 participants, including pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists from both urban and rural areas of Sindh. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire distributed through Google Forms, Facebook, and WhatsApp between March and September 2024. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to calculate frequencies and percentages of responses, while chi-square tests explored associations between demographic variables and knowledge or attitudes toward telepharmacy.

Results: The majority of respondents (84.5%) recognized the use of telecommunication in telepharmacy, while only 26.4% identified video conferencing as a tool. About 73.9% acknowledged telepharmacy’s role in patient counseling and therapy management, and 82.4% agreed that it enhances medication management. However, 44.9% expressed confidentiality concerns, and 52.7% reported increased workload. Major barriers included lack of awareness (83.2%), insufficient software (82.5%), limited government involvement (73.3%), and workforce shortages (81.8%). Female respondents exhibited more positive perceptions than males, while rural participants reported greater infrastructural and connectivity challenges.

Conclusion: Despite limited knowledge, participants demonstrated favorable attitudes toward telepharmacy and willingness to adopt it in future practice. Expanding telepharmacy education, improving digital infrastructure, and ensuring governmental support are essential for successful implementation across Pakistan.